Chapter 12: Give and Take

The shopkeeper says, "That will be 47 rupees." You give a 50-rupee note. How much will you get back? Money is full of give and take, and maths is the secret behind every purchase.

What we'll learn

• Recognise Indian currency notes and coins.
• Add and subtract amounts of money.
• Find the change after buying something.
• Plan a budget for a small shopping trip.
• Compare prices and pick the cheaper option.

The big idea

Indian money comes in notes (10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500) and coins (1, 2, 5, 10 rupees). Smaller amounts are sometimes counted in paise. 100 paise make 1 rupee.

When we buy, we give money. The shopkeeper gives back the change if we paid more. If a packet of biscuits costs 23 rupees and we give 50 rupees, the change is 50 − 23 = 27 rupees.

Counting change quickly is a useful skill. We can count up from the price: from 23, take 7 to reach 30, then 20 more to reach 50. So 7 + 20 = 27 rupees change. This trick is called "counting up".

A budget is a plan for spending. If we have 100 rupees and want to buy juice for 25, samosa for 15 and a notebook for 40, we add: 25 + 15 + 40 = 80. We will spend 80 rupees and have 20 left.

Let's explore

Coin and note sort. Empty your piggy bank or wallet (with grown-up help). Sort notes and coins by value. Count the total.

Shop role-play. Make price tags for 5 toys or books. Take turns being shopkeeper and buyer. Practise giving change.

Bus fare. A bus ticket costs 12 rupees. You give 50. How much change?

Small budget. You have 50 rupees. List 3 snacks you can buy without going over. Add up the prices.

Worked examples

Example 1. A pen costs 18 rupees. A notebook costs 35 rupees. What is the total?

• 18 + 35 = 53.
• Total: 53 rupees.

Example 2. Geeta has 100 rupees. She buys mangoes for 65 rupees. What change does she get?

• 100 − 65 = 35.
• Change: 35 rupees.

Example 3. A packet of biscuits costs 27 rupees. Karthik gives a 50-rupee note. Count up the change.

• From 27, add 3 → 30.
• From 30, add 20 → 50.
• Change: 3 + 20 = 23 rupees.

Quick check

1. How many paise make one rupee?
2. A glass of juice is 15 rupees. Three glasses cost?
3. You give 200 rupees for items worth 145 rupees. Change?
4. List two Indian coins and two notes.
5. You have 30 rupees. Toffees cost 4 rupees each. How many can you buy?

Recap

• Indian money uses notes and coins. 100 paise = 1 rupee.
• Adding amounts is just like adding numbers.
• Subtracting (or counting up) gives the change.